1)Under such a condition, many may employ microorganissms to creat unfavorable conditions for other microbes, yet retain in the foodstuffs the nutrients desired.

  这是一个简单句。may employ 和 retain 是并列谓语。句中for other microbes是作定语用的介词短语，修饰unfavorable conditions。to create…microbes动词不定式作状语修饰谓语may employ。yet是连词，in the food stuffs是状语，the outrients desired是宾语，desired是过去分词，作the nutrients的后置定语。

 

    2)  While food preservation system in general inhibits the growth  of microorganisms，a11 such organisms are not detrimeotal．

   While food…of microorganisms是让步状语从句，在此while＝although。a11 such orgaoisms are not detrimental 是部分否定结构的句子，相当于not  a11  such organisms are detrimental。

 

   3)  Neither  gas  evolution nor the  presence of 1ivioe cells is  essential  to fermentative action，however，as seen in 1actic acid fermentations  where  no gas is liberated，and in fermentations accomplished solely  with  enzymes．

    句中，as seen in…with enzymes是 as is seen…with  enzymes的非限制性定语从句的省略。其中as是关系代词，指整个主句，它在从句中作主语，意为“如、象……那样”。in lactic…1iberated和in  fermentations…enzymes是并列的介词短语，作状语，修饰从句谓语is seen。where no gas isliberated  是修饰1actic acid fermeotations的定语从句。

 

    4)  Bacteria，yeasts and mo1ds，being single cells，contain the  functiooal capacities  for  growth，reproduction，digestion, assimilation  and  repairs  in  a  cell，that higher forms of 1ife  have  distributed to tissues．

    句子的主语是Bacteria、yeasts和mo1ds。being single cells是分词短语停状语，修饰谓语contain。介词短语fo growth…repairs in a cell是修饰主句宾语the functional capacities的定语。而介词短语in a cell作growth…repairs的定语。that higher…to tissues  是修饰  growth，reproduction，digestion，assinlilation  and  repairs的定语从句，其中that在从句中作宾语，即可将从句变形为higher forms of life have distributed that to tissltes。

 

    5)  However，the  product of the activity in the instance of wine  is one which  man generally enjoys more than the nativc juice  from  which the wine was produced．

    句子的主语是the product，介词短语in tke instance of wine是 the activity的定语，由介词of与名词短语the activity in the instance of wine构成的介词短语又是the product的定语。one是作表语的代词，其后面的which man…produced是one同位语从句，而from which…produced是修饰the native juice的定语从句。

 

    6)  Whi1e other organisms are able to produce alcohol，it occurs in such  mixture of aldehydes，acids and esters that recovery is difficult.

    While other…alcohol是让步状语从句。it是主句的形式主语，真正的主语是that recovery is difficult这一主语从句。

 

    7)  The  most  favoreble to e given type of fermentation under one condition will be altered by slight changes in a controling factor．

    The most favorable是句子的主语，＝the most favorable type of action (type of action是上句提到的概念)。介词短语to a given type of fermention under one condition 是 the most favorable的定语。under one condition又是 a given type of fermentation的定语。

 

    8) The temperature at which a food is held will determine within certain 1imits the nature of the organisms capable of either yielding  the desired fermentation or spoilage，whichever the case may be．

   主句的主语是The tenlperature，at which a food is held是修饰主语的定语从句。主句的谓语是will determine，宾语是the nature…spoilage，其中，形容词短语capable of either yielding the desired fermentation or spoilage 是the organisms的定语，of the organisms…spoilage是the nature的定语，whichever the case  may be是非限制性定语从句，修饰fermentation和spoilage，其中关系代词whichever又是这一从句中的表语。